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Articles

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): July 2026

Graph-Based Big Data Analysis for Community Detection and Disinformation Diffusion on Indonesian Social Media Platforms Using GraphX/GraphFrames

Submitted
July 3, 2026
Published
2026-07-03

Abstract

Disinformation on Indonesian social media platforms has emerged as a serious threat to socio-political stability, with more than 77 million pieces of content identified in 2023. Nevertheless, large-scale graph analysis (>100 million nodes/edges) for the Indonesian language on distributed infrastructure remains critically limited, creating a significant research gap. This study presents the Graph-Based Disinformation Detection for Indonesia (GBD-ID), a distributed analytic framework built upon Apache Spark GraphX and GraphFrames. We constructed a multi-platform heterogeneous graph comprising 587.6 million nodes and 3,484.6 million edges, sourced from Indonesian Twitter/X, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube over the period of January–December 2023. A custom community detection algorithm was developed by integrating a Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA) optimized with BERT-Indonesian for sentiment analysis of Indonesian-language content. GBD-ID successfully identified 2,847 disinformation communities with an F1-Score of 0.915, outperforming the best baseline method by 6.8 percentage points. Disinformation diffusion patterns exhibited scale-free network characteristics with an exponential coefficient of γ = 2.34. Five dominant disinformation clusters were detected, encompassing health-related hoaxes (34.2%), political narratives (28.7%), identity-based hate content (18.9%), financial fraud (11.4%), and environmental disinformation (6.8%). The system achieved a throughput of 18.2 million edges per second on a 32-node Apache Spark cluster. This study demonstrates the feasibility of big data graph analysis at a scale exceeding 100 million nodes for Indonesian-language disinformation detection. The GBD-ID framework provides a scalable and efficient solution that can be adopted by social media platforms and Indonesian government agencies in real-time disinformation mitigation efforts.

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