SPECTRA is dedicated to upholding the highest standards of ethics in scholarly publishing. This publication ethics statement follows the principles and best practices established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). These standards apply to all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, and peer reviewers.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are required to ensure that their manuscripts represent original work. Any form of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, is strictly prohibited and considered unethical. Submissions must not be under consideration by more than one journal at the same time.

Authors must also guarantee the accuracy and authenticity of the data presented in their research. Fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data is unacceptable. In addition, authors are expected to disclose any financial or personal conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of their work.

Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for evaluating submitted manuscripts based solely on their academic merit, including originality, relevance, and clarity, without discrimination based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, or political views.

Confidentiality must be strictly maintained throughout the editorial process. Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information regarding submitted manuscripts to unauthorized parties.

The Editor-in-Chief holds the final authority in deciding whether a manuscript is accepted for publication, taking into account the recommendations of reviewers and the journal’s editorial policies.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers are expected to conduct their evaluations objectively and professionally. Criticism should be constructive, clearly expressed, and supported by logical arguments, without personal bias toward the authors.

Reviewers should complete their evaluations within the agreed timeframe. If a reviewer feels unqualified to assess a manuscript or unable to provide a timely review, they should inform the editor promptly.

All manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents and must not be shared or discussed with others without permission.